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The National Socialist Underground or NSU () is a far-right German terrorist group which was uncovered in November 2011. 〔Daniel Koehler: ''The German National Socialist Underground (NSU)'', in Jackson, Paul and Shekhovtsov, Anton (editors): ''The Post-War Anglo-American Far Right: A Special Relationship of Hate''. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. pp. 122-141. ISBN 9781137396211〕 So far, the following crimes have been attributed to the NSU: the Bosphorus serial murders, a series of murders of nine immigrants (eight Turks and one Greek) between 9 September 2000 and 6 April 2006; the murder of a policewoman and attempted murder of her colleague; the 2001 and 2004 Cologne bombings; and a series of 14 bank robberies.〔(Trail of Hate – Activities and crimes of the Zwickau cell ) graphical timeline by ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 15 August 2012.〕〔(How could German neo-Nazi killers have evaded police for 13 years? ) ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 8 August 2012.〕 The Attorney General of Germany called the NSU a "right-wing extremist group", who have the purpose to "kill out of xenophobic and anti-state sentiments all citizens of foreign origin". == Investigations and public response == On 4 November 2011, after a bank robbery in Eisenach, Uwe Mundlos and Uwe Böhnhardt were found shot dead in a mobile home, which was burning. Police said that the two set the vehicle on fire and killed themselves when their vehicle was found. In that caravan, the service pistol (HK P2000) of murdered police woman Michéle Kiesewetter was found. Some hours later on the same day, their flat in Zwickau, where the trio had lived under false identities, also was set on fire, and an explosion occurred. Beate Zschäpe, the alleged third core member of the terrorist group, is suspected of having caused that. She later turned herself in on advice from her lawyer.〔(German Prosecutors to Broaden Charges Against Neo-Nazi Beate Zschäpe ) ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 20 August 2012.〕 Police found a CZ 83 silenced weapon, which had been used throughout for the Bosphorus serial murders and a number of other guns in the remains of the house. Further, a DVD was found with images of three of the dead persons that had been taken immediately after the killings.〔 On 13 November 2011, Holger Gerlach, a possible fourth member of the NSU, was arrested and brought the following day before a judge at Germany's Federal Court of Justice, who ordered him to be detained in custody. The German Attorney General's Office wanted Gerlach detained on suspicion of membership in a terrorist group. However the court's investigating judge only authorized Gerlach to be detained on suspicion of supporting a terrorist organization. The Attorney General of Germany also supposed that he had rented a motor caravan for the NSU, which they used for the murder of the policewoman and severe maiming of her colleague, in Heilbronn. On 24 November 2011, agents from the German federal GSG 9 special police arrested Andre Eminger in Grabow. Eminger is suspected by the Attorney General of Germany to have produced the propaganda movie〔(Neo-Nazis' Bizarre Video Manifesto ) Photo Gallery ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 29 August 2012.〕 mocking the victims of the serial murders and claiming responsibility for the previously unknown NSU.〔()〕 The discovery that all these mysterious and unsolved high-profile crimes were committed in cold blood by one obscure, previously unknown "Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund" terror group, that went unnoticed for 13 years, plunged Germany into a state of shock,〔(''Zwickauer Zelle: Republik im Schockzustand'', Severin Weiland, Spiegel Online, 13 November 2011, retrieved 18 November 2011 )〕 even though right-wing terrorism has historical roots in Germany.〔 («Blognotice 15 November 2011 – les échos de l’énigme de Zwickau », ''Analyse in Paysages – Blog- Le Monde.fr'', 15 November 2011, retrieved 18 November 2011 )〕 After the underlying ideological pattern of the crimes became known by the public, Chancellor Angela Merkel stated on 14 November 2011 that she wanted to consider a ban〔(Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Article 21 (english translation) ). Retrieved 21 August 2012.〕 of the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) to weaken the power of extremist right-wing groups. Confusion and uncertainty increased among German citizens when a report by ''Stern'' magazine stated that two German confidential informants and two US investigators were eyewitnesses to the murder of the policewoman during their observation of two men who had contact with the "Sauerland" group, an Islamist terror group who planned assaults on US institutions in Germany. On the day of the shooting, one of the men had deposited €2.3 million in a bank in Heilbronn; then he drove to the place where the policewoman was shot. The authenticity of the observation protocol – supposedly from the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) – on which ''Stern'' magazine based its report was swiftly denied by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, while the DIA refused to comment. An unnamed U.S. "insider" expert for intelligence matters told ''Der Spiegel'' he deemed it unlikely that the DIA could be involved in that type of operation at all; however, the "insider" erroneously described the DIA as an analytic organization, when in fact the agency has been involved in clandestine operations for decades.〔(Verfassungsschützer dementieren Präsenz bei Polizistenmord ) ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 5 August 2012.〕 German and U.S. security circles regard the document as most likely a forgery; ''Stern'' magazine did not comment nor declare whether it stood by its story.〔(Geheimdienstbericht über zwei Zeugen bei der Ermordung der Polizistin Michèle Kiesewetter in Heilbronn gilt als Fälschung ) ''Der Spiegel'' (29 April 2012). Retrieved 5 August 2012.〕〔(Ermittlungen zur Zwickauer Terrorzelle – Zeuge mit schlechtem Ruf ) ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'' (5 June 2012). Retrieved 11 August 2012.〕 Prior to that, it became known that an officer of the Hessian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution was inside the Internet café while the Turkish owner was killed by the NSU terrorists in 2006 in Kassel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Döner-Morde: Sie nannten ihn den "kleinen Adolf" – SPIEGEL ONLINE )〕 This agent (Andreas T.) openly held right-wing views, and in his home village he was known by the nickname "Little Adolf". He has since been transferred to an administrative post (outside and unrelated to the agency).〔(Neo-Nazi terror scandal grows in Germany ) ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 6 August 2012.〕 On 23 February 2012, an official state ceremony in commemoration of the victims was broadcast live from Berlin; a nationwide moment of silence was observed and flags were flown at half-mast.〔(Speech by Federal Chancellor Merkel at the Central memorial ceremony to commemorate the victims of extreme right-wing violence ). Retrieved 15 August 2012.〕〔(Merkel Asks Victims' Relatives for Forgiveness ) ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 15 August 2012.〕〔(A Daughter Pays Tribute to Her Murdered Father ) ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 15 August 2012.〕 Various German politicians from all parties unanimously urged for a parliamentary enquiry committee,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Andre E.: Mutmaßlicher Unterstützer der Terrorgruppe NSU in Untersuchungshaft )〕 which has been formed and begun its work, to dig deeply into the details of what is widely regarded as growing to one of the biggest scandals concerning domestic security in modern German history. The affair is casting Germany's security apparatus into public disrepute for an obvious, complete failure and is causing sarcastic comments from the press.〔(Debate over future of German security agency ) ''Deutsche Welle''. Retrieved 8 August 2012.〕〔("Fromm quits. Next, please!" (Comment editorial) ) ''Berliner Zeitung'' (German). Retrieved 8 August 2012.〕 On 2 July 2012, the President of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Heinz Fromm, resigned from his post〔(German Spy Chief Quits over Botched Terror Probe ) ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 2 July 2012.〕 shortly after it was revealed that on 12 November 2011, employees of his agency had destroyed files connected with the NSU case immediately after their role in the murders became public and the agency itself had received a formal request from the German Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) to forward all information relevant to these crimes.〔(Intelligence Agency under Fire for Shredding Files ) ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 5 August 2012.〕 Two more resignations of the presidents of the State Offices for the Protection of the Constitution in Thuringia and Saxony soon were to follow suit.〔(Third Spy Chief Quits as New Errors Emerge ) ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 5 August 2012.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Socialist Underground」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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